Thursday 3 September 2020

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19, Czechoslovak users

The Czechoslovak Air Force's combat potential was strongly boosted by the addition of the MiG-19P, MiG-19PM and the MiG-19S which were shown to their top commanders at Kubinka Air Base, in the USSR during late 1956. A deal was signed a year later thanks to which the type was supplied and licensed produced within Czechoslovak borders.
On 11th July 1957 the first group of Czechoslovak pilots and technicians went to the PVO's (Soviet Air Force) main conversion training centre at the time, located at Savasleyka Air Base, in the USSR, close to the city of Gorky (nowadays Nizhny Novgorod) where a manufacturing plant for the MiG-19 was.
In this initial group was Valstimil David, who was Aero's main test pilot, which received the license to locally produce the MiG-19S. Another component of the Czechoslovak group was Maj. Július Zvara who was appointed "customer's inspector" on the Gorky's Aircraft Factory delivery line and test flew every aircraft destined for Czechoslovakia. On 30th August 1957 Maj. Zvara reached the speed of Mach 1.4 (1.728,72 km/h - 1.074,18 mph) while flying a MiG-19P, becoming this way the first Czechoslovak pilot to break the sound barrier.
Later that same year, the first batch of 12 MiG-19S was delivered to Prague Kbely Air Base in crates. After being reassembled and test flown at the Kbely overhaul plant, all of them were delivered to the Czechoslovak Air Force between the 3rd and the 27th January 1958, with a single aircraft more which was delivered later and served as the pattern for the Aero S-105.
At the same time, 26 additional MiG-19Ps arrived at Prague Kbely and entered service between 27th January and 1st April 1958. All aircraft from those two shipments were assigned to the 1. stihaci letecký pluk (SLP - Fighter Aircraft Regiment) 'Zvolenský" which was based at Ceské Budejovice and the 11. SLP based at Zatec Air Base, both regiments being part of the 3. stihaci letecka divizie (SLD - 3rd Fighter Aircraft Division).
The licensed-built Aero S-105 was manufactured at Stredoceske strojírny, in Odolena Voda, from early 1958 (though some sources claim it was during late 1957 - something which we think it's not possible) until November 1961 and, with 104 exemplars manufactured, it equipped the whole 1. SLD which comprised the 4. SLP, based at Pardubice Air Base and began MiG-19 operations on 22nd March 1958, the 5. SLP based at Plzen-Line Air Base and the 9. SLP at Bechyne Air Base. It's thought that some few S-105s were exported to Egypt, albeit it's not confirmed.
The 40 MiG-19PMs ordered by the Czechoslovak Air Force started to arrive in late 1959. They were assembled and flown again between 17th November 1959 and 24th February 1961. These aircraft were also the longest serving MiG-19s with the Czechoslovak Air Force as they were retired on 2nd June 1972. Initially, the MiG-19PMs and their missiles, the RS-2-US air-to-air missiles were so secret and carefully guarded that even regimental commissioned officers could barely gain access to the hangars where missiles were stored.
Every MiG-19PM was assigned to the 5. SLP which became the last operator for the MiG-19 of every type in the Czechoslovak Air Force, collecting MiG-19s of all variants from other units as they were replaced by newer types. The last surviving MiG-19PMs not scrapped on site, were transferred to the Czechoslovak Air Force's reserve and moved to other bases.










Sources:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-19#Variants
2. Midland Publishing - Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19. The Soviet Union's First Production Supersonic Fighter
3. Salamander Books - The Complete Book of Fighters
4. https://www.valka.cz/Mikojan-Gurevic-MiG-19S-kod-NATO-Farmer-C-t12470

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