Saturday, 18 January 2020

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17PFU

The MiG-17PFU (NATO codename 'Fresco-E') became the first Soviet interceptor fighter equipped only with air-to-air missiles. This practice was the Soviet answer to a trend started by the Americans as in the late 1950s it was believed that many future fighter aircraft should only be armed with air-to-air missiles which could destroy enemy aircraft at far greater distances than the cannons could do.
The first Soviet-built air-to-air missile, was the RS-2U (NATO codename 'AA-1 "Alkali"'), a beam riding missile whose first section consisted on a fuse and a warhead, the second section on steering fins and autopilot, the third section on rocket engine and batteries, the fourth section on stabilising fins and pneumatic system and the fifth section on radio controls. The RS-2U weighed 83.5 kg (184 pounds) had a speed of 1650 km/h (1025 mph) and the warhead had a proximity fuse.
The RS-2U was equipped with a simple semi-active radar guidance system that homed on the radar energy from the beam generated by the carrier aircraft. If the missile didn't hit the target after 23 seconds it would self-destruct. When the proximity fuse detonated the warhead close to the target the explosion produced around 830 fragments, enough to shred the target.
There were only 40 or 47 (depending on the source) MiG-17PFU converted from regular MiG-17F machines at Gorki Factory Number 21 (placed in the city of Gorki, close to Moscow) and all of them were used by the Soviet PVO (Air Defences Forces). It was spotted for the first time by Western observers in 1958, and it was then when the aircraft was given its NATO codename.
The removal of the cannons implied some changes were made to the PFU. The three NR-23 cannons gun blast panels and shell ejection blisters were deleted and the openings faired over. However, the aircraft retained the S-13 gun camera on the starboard side of the nose. Two APU-4 missile rails were mounted on each wing to carry the RS-2U missiles.
The RP-5 Scan odd radar which was present in the MiG-17PF, was replaced with an RP-2U Izumrud radar system, which was basically an improved variant of the former with an increased range (2000 m for the RP-5 and 3500 m for the RP-2U). A green light was installed in the cockpit that flashed when the target was between 3500 and 1500 meters. A red lamp flashed when the target was within 2000 meters, which was too close for a successful missile launching.
As the RS-2U was a beam rider, the pilot in the MiG-17PFU had to illuminate the target until missile impact, so any evasive manoeuvre would break the lock-on and it would go as pure ballistic. Multiple missiles could be launched using the same illumination beam.
The RS-2U could be fired at ranges from 1950 and 7000 meters (6397 to 22966 ft) from the designated target. It could been used at altitudes ranging between 700 and 16600 meters (2296 and 54462 ft respectively). Given the conical shape of the radar beam, the accuracy dropped quickly the farther the missile was from the carrier aircraft.









Sources:
1. Signal Squadron - Aircraft In action 125 - MiG-17 Fresco in Action
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17#Variants
3. https://www.valka.cz/Mikojan-Gurevic-MiG-17PFU-kod-NATO-Fresco-E-t52641
4. https://tetonaviation.com/mig-17
5. Salamander Books - The Complete Book of Fighters

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