It was designed by Mitsubishi to meet a requirement from the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force of 1935 for a two-seat high-speed reconnaisssance aircraft. The design submitted by Mitsubishi was a low-wing cantilever monoplane with a fixed, spatted undercarriage which was similar to other all-metal designs of the early-to-mid 1930s like the Heinkel He.70 or the Northrop Alpha.
Initially it was powered by a single Nakajima Ha-8 radial engine which yielded 750hp of power at 4000m (13120ft) high. The first prototype made it to the air in May 1936 and testing proved succesful with the aircraft meeting all performance requirements and achieving a speed of 481km/h (299mph) showing, at the same time, good flying characteristics.
Service testing was completed without any difficulty and the type was ordered into production under the official denomination of Army Type 97 Command Reconnaisssance Plane Model 1. One year after the prototype flew for the first time, in May 1937, the first batch of 437 aircrafts was handed to the Imperial Japanese Army.
The first model, Ki-15-I, was rushed into operational service at the beginning of the second Sino-Japanese war in 1937. It proved very useful in Chinese soil, where it performed missions deep into Chinese strategic rear areas, reaching even the city of Lanzhou, located at the province of Gansu. It enjoyed a clear advantage thanks to its high speed, until the Chinese Air Force adquired the Polikarpov I-16. The Ki-15 was used in a wide variety of roles like level bombing, close support and photo reconnaissance before it was eventually replaced by the Mitsubishi Ki-30.
It's known that after the World War 2, the Chinese Communist Air Force, operated an unknown number of captured aircraft which were based in Manchuria. They were captured at the city of Harbin in June 1946 and by 1948 they were completely repaired and being used as trainers. They served in that role until 1951 when they were withdrawn.
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Ki-15
2. https://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=890
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