After the three month rest, the Croatian squadron returned to Nikolayev, in the USSR, on 21st February 1943. Despite that they were still achieving a respectable amount of scores, some pilots defected to Soviet airfields and, because of that, the German officers were very reluctant about this unit, in fact, Croatian pilots were questioned by the Luftwaffe and the squadron (Staffel) was removed from the frontline and its commanding officer was replaced.
Most of the remaining pilots of the squadron were replaced with newly trained men and many veterans joined them at their training site in Fürth, Germany. On 1st October 1943 twelve new pilots graduated and they arrived, together with two more, at Nikolayev on 21st October, where they were equipped with Bf.109G-4 and G-6s. They were active in combat missions by 26th October and by late 1943 the squadron had a score of 283 kills with 14 pilots achieving the ace status. The squadron remained in the Eastern Front until March 1944 when they were sent back home as it was decided that keeping the squadron in the Eastern Front was futile when the Allied forces were bombing Croatian homeland.
They were rebased in Croatia to operate from there, however, in July 1944, the Luftwaffe reconsidered its decission and some Croatian pilots decided to return to the Eastern Front. They were transported to Romania and then the Slovak Republic, but they weren't supplied with any aircraft. On 21st July, the pilots were advised that the 15. (kroat) staffel (squadron) was to be disbanded. Anyway, in spite of it, they were moved to an airfield in East Prussia, where they were provided with ten Bf.109G-14s. In early September they flew to Lithuania in order to rejoin the frontlines. However, the squadron leader, Mato Dukovac, defected, ending that way the end of Croatian Aerial operations in the Eastern Front.
For those who remained in Croatia, the squadron was renamed as 1./(Kroat) JG in April 1944 and they, together with the newly formed 2./(Kroat) and 3./(Kroat) squadrons (which were equipped with a mixture of German and Italian fighter, mainly Bf.109G, Macchi C.202 and Fiat G.50s, while the 3. was equipped with outdated Macchi C.200 and FIAT Cr.42 as it was an operational training unit) were commited to defend the Croatian airspace. During summer 1944 the squadrons claimed around 20 Allied aircraft shot down.
By the end of 1944 the squadrons started to replace their worn-out Macchis with Bf.109G-10 and G-14. Around 50 Bf.109Gs were delivered to the Air Force of the Independent State of Croatia, with the final delivery taking place on 23rd April 1945.
Sources:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_operational_history#Combat_service_with_Yugoslavia
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force_Legion
3. Salamander Books - The Complete Book of Fighters
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