In order to deal with that serious problem, slightly thicker wings and reinforced spars were introduced. Some tests were also performed to see why the tail unit had failed.
It was found that at a certain engine settings a high-frequency oscilation in tailplane spar was overlapped by harmonic vibrations from the engine. So those two combined effects were enough to cause structural failure at the rear fuselage/fin attachment point. Initially, two external stiffening plates were screwed onto the fuselage on each side, and later, the enitre fuselage structure was reinforced.
Sources:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109F
2. Salamander Books - The Complete Book of Fighters
3. Osprey - Air Vanguard 23 - Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-F series
4. Signal Squadron - Aircraft In action 57 - Messerschmitt Bf-109 in Action Pt.2
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